Along with its update on the regulation of fiat-backed stablecoins and the failure of systemic digital settlement asset firms (see related post here), on 30 October 2023, HM Treasury issued a policy statement on its approach to the future regulation of a wider range of cryptoassets. The Treasury’s statement largely confirms that it intends to implement the proposals consulted on in February 2023 – moving to a licensing regime for crypto activities and bringing a…
In a long-awaited update on its plans for the UK’s crypto regulatory framework, on 30 October 2023, HM Treasury issued three interlinked policy documents on the future regulation of crypto, covering fiat-backed stablecoins, the wider cryptoasset regulatory regime, and the failure of systemic digital settlement asset firms. The UK regulators followed shortly after, issuing a set of discussion papers and documents on 6 November 2023 on the forthcoming stablecoin regime, setting out their initial views…
On 27 April 2023, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) released a second consultation regarding the taxation of transactions in the Decentralised Finance (DeFi) market. In short, HMRC proposes to legislate to ensure that the use of cryptoassets in certain DeFi transactions would no longer give rise to a taxable disposal, but instead would trigger taxation only when the assets are economically disposed of in a non-DeFi transaction. This is a significant step for HMRC and the UK…
If 2020 was the year that crypto spurred investment action, then 2022 will be remembered for triggering the “equal but opposite” regulatory reaction. And for good reason. With several high-profile insolvencies and an across-the-board fall in cryptoasset prices, regulators have been reminded of the risks that can accompany financial innovation. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), alongside HM Treasury and various other government and enforcement actors, have been monitoring developments in crypto markets and considering the…
In July 2022, the Law Commission published a consultation proposing certain reforms in respect of property rights and digital assets. The consultation’s primary recommendation was to create a new category of property, referred to as data objects, to ensure that cryptocurrency and other forms of digital assets could be legally recognised as property. This approach builds upon previous court rulings which held that cryptoassets could be property and be protected by injunctions, such as freezing…
For the first time in the UK, in D’Aloia v Persons Unknown, Binance Holdings Limited & Others, the High Court of England and Wales granted an order permitting the service of court documents via an NFT on the blockchain. In said order, the High Court also ruled that exchanges holding cryptoassets could be constructive trustees of the cryptoassets deposited within their infrastructure. The Case Mr D’Aloia, the Claimant, applied for an urgent interim proprietary injunction…
In November 2021, Floki Inu, a cryptocurrency, ran an ad across the London Underground. The ad had an image of a cartoon dog wearing a Viking helmet. The text stated “MISSED DOGE. GET FLOKI”. Smaller text at the bottom of the ad said, “Your investment may go down as well as up in value. Crypto currency is not regulated in the UK.” The U.K.’s Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) challenged the ad. Floki Inu explained that…
We have previously posted about how, in January 2020, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) became the anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing (AML/CTF) supervisor for cryptocurrency businesses in the UK. On December 16, 2020, the FCA announced that cryptocurrency businesses that had filed to register with the FCA could continue operating under a temporary licensing regime for six months as the regulator dealt with a backlog of applications. This was known as the Temporary Registrations…
On 31 March 2021, the UK tax authorities (HMRC) consolidated their existing guidance on crypto-asset taxation for businesses and individuals and published new guidance on the taxation of “staking” activities. This is contained in a new manual (guidance for HMRC officers which is publicly available online but which does not have the force of law). The new guidance on staking activities is almost identical to the existing guidance on mining, but the fact that HMRC…
In Ion Science Ltd. v Persons Unknown and others (unreported), the Commercial Court granted a proprietary injunction and a worldwide freezing order in respect of Bitcoin that had been dissipated by the wrongdoers due to cyber-fraud. The Commercial Court also granted permission to serve disclosure orders against the coin exchanges that processed the transactions in order to help locate the missing assets and wrongdoers. This judgment further solidifies Bitcoin’s status as property, but also shows…